
Human ecology includes the natural environment and the cultural and social environment that embraces technology, the cities and human interaction. Thoreau, Whitman and Emerson are among the authors who have contributed to the romanticism of a bucolic ideal of nature that is steeped in peace and harmony.
It is true that in nature there is a rhythm, balance and harmony that teaches us much. The farmer knows to respect the land and climate and that plants and animals grow with a certain environment. He can influence with breeding techniques and grafts but in a limited way and respecting the mode of being of things. Moreover, the animals do not commit the absurdity of man who destroys his own habitat, pollutes his drinking water and hoards unnecessarily.
It is a common experience that whoever contemplates nature or gets immersed in it on excursions and camps, is filled with a certain peace and serenity that rescues him from the frenetic rhythms of urban life. Therefore, from the mid 19th century in Europe and America national parks began to be promoted to preserve areas of special beauty or recreational, scientific and educational interest.
More recent is the perspective that nature does not have to eliminate the human being from the picture. In the Galapagos, the local government has made a good effort to sort and integrate tourism and, local population and economy harmoniously with the ecosystem, facing off more traditional conservationists.
The advantage of nature is to have a natural order untainted by evil, which is only possible as a result of human freedom. But by the same token, nature is incapable of generosity, nobility and sacrifice. It is uncapable of wisdom, reflection and justice. Nature is relentless. Climbers say that the mountain is unforgiving. We should not be naive with nature. We must learn the good, but knowing how to contribute with the good of human freedom to complete and improve what it can offer.
Nature can be cruel. Some have used the idea of “survival of the fittest” with which Spencer renamed the “natural selection” of Darwin, to justify forms of social Darwinism. Certain forms of capitalism and racism are declared ‘natural’ building on these concepts. Therefore, as in other things, the proverb holds: “examine everything and keep what is good.”
